A global review of problematic and pathogenic parasites of farmed tilapia

Over the past 80 years, tilapia have been translocated globally for aquaculture; active production is recorded in >124 countries. Of 7 million tonnes of produced aquaculture, 79% from 79 countries outside natural range tilapia. Capture fisheries account a further 723,627 tilapia, and >47% this landed established invasive populations Africa. Tilapias host rich fauna parasites, many which with their hosts. This review summarises >2500 host–parasite records 73+ >820 translocations (provided supplementary materials). work focuses on notable pathogens that threaten health cultured providing description pathology includes species also substantial impacts wild populations, where relevant. For each major parasite taxonomic group, we highlight parasites or acquired new environments into introduced, together remarks standard treatment approaches research them management control. Regarding theme ‘Tilapia health: quo vadis?’, Africa has enormous potential aquaculture growth, but knowledge gaps about African states remain, creates associated biosecurity risks. parasitic therefore, risks translocation to regions as industries expand are highlighted.